powers



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

v'I. POWERS.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

1? i 1 l C) INVENTOR:

N PETERS, Pholn-Lilhugraplvur. Washington. nfcv (N0 Modei.) 3SheetsSheet 2.

v T. POWERS.

HYDRAULIG MOTOR.

atented July 13, 1886.

w No. 345,446.

t E l N. PETERS, Pnuwutho n nur. Washinglom DC (No Model.) 7 3Sheets-Sheet 3. T. POWERS.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR. No. 345,446. Patented July 13, 1886.

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WITNESSES: NTQR Wm 425 y N. PETERS. Phnlu-Lllhngmpher. Washin ton, D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

TITUS POWERS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF FOURFIFTHS TO DELAVAN C.SOOVILLE AND HENRY TIMM, OF SAME FLAOE.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 345,446, dated July 13,1886,

Application filed August 27, 1885. Serial No. 115,457. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, TITUS PowERs, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of the city, county, and State of New York, have inventedcertain Improvements in Motors, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to that class of engines or motors wherein arectilinear motion is imparted by afluid under tension or head. Thisrectilinear motion may be communicated direct, or be converted intorotary motion by means of any of the well-known devices for thispurpose.

The characteristic feature of my motor is, that it employs an expandingchamber upon the walls of which the fluid acts both internally andexternallyinternally to expand and externally to contract thechamberthus rendering the motor double-acting.-

My motor comprises, essentially, an expanding chamber to which the fluidunder tension is admitted. The expansion is lateral and in threedirections; but the expansion in two directions is communicated at rightangles in the third direction, in order to augment the direct pressurein this latter direction. .The expanding chamber is inclosed in anexterior tight chamber, and the fluid is admitted alternately to theinterior and the exterior of the expanding chamber. Suitable cocks orvalves are employed to control the ingress and egress of the fluid, anda rod attached to the moving face of the expanding chamber serves tocommunicate the motion to other mechanism.

In the drawings which serve to illustrate my invention I have shown itprovided with an automatically-operated valve to admit a liquid-usuallywaterunder a head or ten- SlOIl.

Figure 1 is a plan of the motor with the top plate and valve mechanismremoved. The full lines show the chamber expanded nearly to the end ofits outstroke, and the dotted lines show it contracted or collapsed, asit will be at the end of its instroke. Figs. 2 and 3 are views of themotor drawn to a scale onehalf the size' of Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is alongitudinal vertical mid-section in the plane indicated by line 2 2 inFig. 3, and Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section in the planeindicated byline 3 3 in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the motoras applied to a direct-acting pump of any kind, and Fig. 5 is a plan ofthe same. Fig. 6 is a detached sectional detail view that will behereinafter explained.

A represents a bed-plate of any kind to support the motor.

B represents, in general, the outer chamber, which contains theexpanding chamber. This chamber B is made tight to prevent leakage. Thechamber B usually has the rectangular form shown.

Bis the bottom plate of chamber B. B is the top plate, B is the backplate, 13* is the front plate, and B B are the sides.

0 is the valve-chamber, made cylindrical, and usually cast in one piecewith the top plate, B. The valve comprises two pistons, a a, made to fitthe base of chamber 0, and provided with a suitable valve stem, b, whichpasses out of the chamber through a packed opening, in the usual way. Inthe bottom of the valve-chamber, and opening into the outer chamber, B,through its top plate, are the two ports a and c, for the ingress andegress of the fluid. These are controlled by the valve.

D is the inlet for the fluid under pressure, and E E are theexhaust-outlets at the end of chamber 0. These may be brought together,as shown in Fig. 5, to form one outlet.

Within the chamber B is an expanding chamber. This expanding chambercomprises three moving parts, and the top plate, B", bottom plate, B,and back plate, B, of chamber B may be considered as fixed parts of saidexpanding chamber, as they are essential to its operation. The threemoving parts of the expanding chamber comprise the front G and the sidesG G and G G The front G fits tightly between the plates B and B, and isguided in its movements to and fro between the sides 13 B but openings dd are left at its sides (see Fig. 3) for the free passage of the too h.The plates G G which form the other side, are hinged at e, g, and h. Asthe chamber collapses, as seen by dotted lines in Fig. 1, the platesforming the sides fold together inward, and as it expands theystraighten out, as indicated by the full lines in the same figure. Theplates forming the folding sides, as well as the front G, fit tightlybetween the top and bottom plates, B B, in order to prevent leakage, andthey as well as the front may be properly packed. The shaded surface inFig. 1 represents the packing.

II represent the interior space circumscribed by the moving parts of theexpanding chamber and by the plates B, B", and B.

I I represents the space within the outer chamber, 13, and exterior tothe expanding chamber.

J is a rod connected to the front G of the expanding chamber, whichpasses out through a packed opening in the outer chamber, 13. This rodcommunicates the motion of the expanding chamber to the mechanism towhich the power is to be applied.

In Fig. 1 I have shown the two toggle-like sides arranged directlyopposite each other, so that when folded each extends about halfwayacross the chamber, the hinges nearly meeting. This arrangement is not,however, absolutely essential. For example, by detaching side G fromplate G- at h and side G from plate 13 at 9, plate G could be movedforward, carrying side G with it. It is easy to see, then, that plate Gcould be constructed to extend back to the hinging-point h by merelythickening that side, and that plate 13 could be similarly constructedto extend forward to the hinging-point g. In such a construction thefolding sides may of course extend more than half-way across the chamberwhen folded.

No particular form of valve is required; but I will describe theoperation of my motor with reference to that form of valve shown. Theport 0 opens into the chamber 13 exterior to the expanding chamber, andthe port 0 opens into the interior II of the latter chamber.

Referring to Fig. 2, port 0 is open to the inlet 1), and is admittingfluid under tension or head to the interior H of the expanding chamber,and port 0 is open to the exhaust E. The chamber is expanding, and thefrontG of same near the end of its outstroke. By referring to Fig. 1,which shows the same position of the parts, it will be seen that thefluid entering H presses outward in all directions, acting not onlydirectly on the front G, but upon the inner faces of the toggle-likesides, tending to press them outward and straighten them. This transmitsthe lateral pressure on the sides at right angles to the front G, thusexerting on the latter a combined pressure greatly in excess of thatwhich would be exerted on the front G alone. hen the chamber has fullyexpanded and the front G has reached the farthest point of its travel,the valve shifts, the interior His opened to the exhaust, and theexterior I is opened to the fluid under tension. The fluid now acts tocollapse the expanding chamber, the pressure being applied directly onthe outer faces of its front and sides. The inward pressure on thefolding sides is again transmitted at right angles to the front G, thusaugmenting the pressure tending to drive it back or inward. Thus byalternately admitting the fluid to the interior and exterior of theexpanding and collapsing chamber reciprocating movement of the rod J isobtained.

Any of the well-known automatic valveshifting mechanisms may be used.

In Figs. 4 and 5, K represents any kind of pump, the piston of which isconnected to red J. The valve-stem I) has a bearing at .r on the pump. Lis a lever mounted on a rocking fulcrum at i, and the forked and slottedupper end of this lever engages a pin or stud, j, on the valve-stem. Onthe rod J are fixed two tappets, k, which strike the lever I;alternately, and shift the valve in a manner that will be Wellunderstood.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section through one side of the expandingchamber, designed to illustrate the form of the plates and the mode ofhinging. The edges of the plates where they are hinged to back plate, B,and the front G, respectively, are made rounded or cylindrical, in orderto fit in sockets formed in the said back plate and front G, and inretaining plates or keepers Z, secured in place by screws. Thehinging-eyes m m 011 those edges of the plates that are connectedtogether may be formed integrally with the plates, but I have hereinshown them constructed separately and attached to the plates by nuts andscrews. At the tops and bottoms of the plates forming the sides of theexpanding chamber I prefer to provide projecting flanges n a, which areinturned merely to provide a broader bearing at the points where theplates play over the top and bottom plates, B and B.

It will be obvious that by alternately admitting and exhausting thefluid from either the interior II or the exterior I of the expandingchamber it willoperate as a single-acting motor.

I do not wish to limit myselfto the particular features of constructionof the several parts herein shown, as these may be varied somewhatwithout departing materially from my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. As a motor or engine,the combination, with an expanding and contracting chamber ofsubstantially the character described, of an outer tight chamberexterior to the expanding chamber, and means, substantially asdescribed, for controlling the ingress and egress of the fluid to andfrom the said expanding lOO chambergand the outer chamber exterior to Inwitness whereof I have hereunto signed the expanding chamber andinclosing same, my name in the presence of two subscribing as set forth.witnesses.

2. A motor comprising the tight chamber 5 B, the expanding chambercomposed. of the TI'IUS POWERS.

front G and. folding sides, hinged substantially as shown, and arrangedwithin cham- Witnesses: ber B, the rod J, and a valve to control theARTHUR O. FRASER, ingress and egress of the fluid, all combined GEO.BAINTON.

10 and arranged substantially as described.

